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The yield on 30-year US Treasuries hit a 16-year peak on Tuesday and German and Italian borrowing costs hit their highest levels for more than a decade as the global bond sell-off intensified and equity markets edged downwards.
The 30-year US yield reached 4.89 per cent for the first time since 2007, before the financial crisis, as markets adjusted to the prospect of a long period of high interest rates and governments’ vast borrowing needs.
The recent sell-off has followed a run of robust economic data and signalling by the US Federal Reserve that it will keep rates “higher for longer” to damp down demand and finish its job of vanquishing inflation.
“It’s a bond market selling off because of an underlying macro resilience and we see that in higher real rates,” said Padhraic Garvey, managing director at ING.
Among the recent data indicating the health of the US economy, manufacturing activity figures this week were better than expected. Job openings for US workers also unexpectedly rose in August, according to data released on Tuesday.
Tuesday’s rise of almost 0.1 percentage point in the 30-year yield came as the benchmark 10-year rose 0.07 percentage points and the two-year edged higher.
The shift in the $25tn US bond market has triggered downturns in stocks and bonds across the globe.
The much-watched 30-year German yield rose 0.058 percentage points to 3.198 per cent, its highest level since 2011, while the Italian 30-year yield reached its highest since 2012 at 5.37 per cent.
“There’s a bit of angst” over Italy’s budget deficit projections Garvey said, while adding: “I don’t think it’s a screaming crisis . . . the market is not panicking but looking at the risks.”
In the UK, the 30-year gilt yield passed 5 per cent this week, reaching its highest since the aftermath of former prime minister Liz Truss’s ill-fated “mini” Budget before falling back again to 4.99 per cent on Tuesday.
Stock markets weakened on Tuesday, with the S&P 500 and the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite falling 1.3 per cent and 1.7 per cent respectively shortly after the New York open. Europe’s region-wide Stoxx 600 index fell 1 per cent.
The turmoil in debt markets has affected equities by raising the returns that investors can lock in by buying bonds rather than stocks.
The bond sell-off has intensified following the Fed’s September meeting, which made clear the central bank’s intention to keep rates higher next year and in 2025 than the markets had expected.
Futures market traders are now betting that by the end of next year, US benchmark rates will be cut twice or three times from their current range of 5.25 to 5.5 per cent. Before the Fed meeting, traders assumed four or five cuts by that time.
Government borrowing needs on both sides of the Atlantic have also pushed up yields.
“The US is running a budget deficit of 7 per cent — for [a] non recessionary period that’s very high,” said Jim Leaviss, fund manager at M&G, the asset manager.
“When governments are demanding and needing more money, bond yields have to rise to deal with that.”
The US Treasury planned to issue about $1tn in debt during the three months to the end of September, the first increase in its quarterly borrowing plans in two and a half years.